Every large bowl (5.6oz / 158g) eaten a day is associated with an 11 per cent increased risk, they concluded from a review of four studies, two in Western countries and two in Asian ones.
White rice tends to be converted rapidly in the body into sugars, a characteristic known as having a high glycaemic index (GI).
This causes blood glucose levels to spike quickly and then fall off, which can cause problems in those who are already diabetic.
It also means one is left feeling hungry sooner than if one had eaten a low GI food like porridge. That could prompt people to overeat and become overweight, which is known to raise the risk of developing T2 diabetes.
The researchers also speculated that white rice could contribute to developing diabetes as it was lower than brown rice in fibre, magnesium and vitamins, some of which are thought to protect against the disease.
People in the Chinese and Japanese studies ate lots of white rice - typically three or four portions a day - while those in the Australian and American ones tended to eat a few portions a week.
However, the academics found higher consumption was related to higher diabetes incidence in both settings.
In conclusion, they stated that "higher white rice intake is associated with a significantly elevated risk of type 2 diabetes", although they did concede the four studies had "mixed results".
However, dietitians say the researchers have jumped to conclusions and argue there is no proof that eating lots of white rice actually causes T2 diabetes.
Catherine Collins, principal dietitian at St George's Hospital in London, said the study did identify a link between higher white risk consumption and more diabetes in Asian populations.
But she said it was "absolutely not" the case that this was true in Western countries, because white rice was a relatively unimportant part of the diet.
Dr Glenys Jones, a nutritionist for the Medical Research Council in Cambridge, said: "It cannot be concluded that the increased diabetes incidence occurred because of the higher rice intakes and it could be due to other lifestyle factors."
Some types of white rice do not have a particularlty high GI, she noted. For example, Diabetes UK lists brown rice as a 'high GI' food, but white basmati rice as a 'medium GI' one.
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